Loyalty and Plausible Deniability on the 40th Anniversary of Watergate
Yesterday was the 40th anniversary of the Watergate break-in. For
those too young to remember, President Nixon's re-election campaign
had people break in to the Democratic National Committee's offices
in the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C.<br>
<br>
According to <a href="http://www.journalgazette.net/article/20120617/EDIT07/306179972/1021/ED…; target="”_blank”">an
editorial in the Fort Wayne <i>Journal Gazette</i> yesterday</a>, one of
the lesser known people involved in the break-in spoke in Fort Wayne
recently about the ethics of his involvement. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Sloan" target="”_blank”">Hugh Sloan</a> was
the campaign treasurer, and he was told to give $83,000 in $100
bills to G. Gordon Liddy, who led the actual break-in.<br>
<br>
When he was asked why, he was told (presumably by John Mitchell, the
former Attorney General who was running the campaign), “I don’t want
to know, and you don’t want to know either.” This is what is known
as "plausible deniability": I didn't know anything about it. I
just did what I was told. This is a tactic favored by many lawyers.<br>
<br>
Sloan said about this, “You really do have the right, and sometimes
the obligation, to ask why. And when you don’t get an answer, that’s
the red flag.” In other words, you can deny knowing what is going
on. But you can't deny not wanting to know what was going on. The
question is, especially in government, Do you have an obligation to
know what is going on, so that you can make a responsible decision?
Sloan seems to think you do, and I agree.<br>
<br>
The most important lesson Sloan shared with his audience regarded
his decision to tell the truth about what occurred. “I came to the
conclusion: I didn’t leave the team, the team left me. Loyalty
and respect have to be earned. If <i>anyone</i> asks you to
sacrifice your integrity, they don’t deserve your loyalty or
respect.”<br>
<br>
I put this another way. If someone asks you to do something illegal or wrong, he is not being loyal to you. Loyalty is a two-way
street, and there is no reason to do something wrong out of loyalty
to someone who feels no loyalty to you, who is willing to corrupt
you or even bring you down with him.<br>
<br>
But it is best to recognize this not when one is going to be a
witness, but at the time of the event that might lead to a trial in
the future. When a superior or a government attorney offers an
official the gift of plausible deniability, the official should turn it down.
Government officials have an obligation to know why they do what
they do. If an acceptable reason is not forthcoming, the superior or
attorney should be turned down. If he plays the loyalty card, he
should be told that loyalty is a mutual thing. People are loyal to
each other, and loyalty includes openness. Otherwise, the official
is being manipulated, used for purposes he doesn't even understand.<br>
<br>
Robert Wechsler<br>
Director of Research-Retired, City Ethics<br>
<br>
203-859-1959